Vitamin d in diet
25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 — abbreviated 25(OH)D 2 ). Several forms ( vitamers ) of vitamin D exist. Generally considered inadequate for bone and overall health. , rickets), adequacy for bone health, and optimal overall health, and cut points have not been developed by a scientific consensus process. Dermal synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol is dependent on sun exposure (specifically UVB radiation ). Associated with vitamin D deficiency, leading to rickets. Emerging evidence links potential adverse effects to such. Together with calcium, vitamin D also helps protect older adults from osteoporosis. Serum 25(OH)D levels do not indicate the amount of vitamin D stored in body tissues. Many cells have vitamin D receptors, and some convert 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH) 2 D. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and to prevent hypocalcemic tetany. For more details on this topic, see hypervitaminosis D. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2 ) is converted in the liver to 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (a. Mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with lumisterol, 1:1. g. k. Vitamin D obtained from sun exposure, food, and supplements is biologically inert and must undergo two hydroxylations in the body for activation. a.
Vitamin D has a significant role in calcium homeostasis and metabolism. The main symptoms of vitamin D overdose which can occur are those of hypercalcemia. There is considerable discussion of the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D associated with deficiency (e. Table of Contents Introduction Reference Intakes Sources of Vitamin D Vitamin D Intakes and Status Vitamin D Deficiency Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Inadequacy Vitamin D and Health Health Risks from Excessive Vitamin D Interactions with Medications Vitamin D and Healthful Diets References Disclaimer. Rickets, a childhood disease, is characterized by impeded growth and soft, weak, deformed long bones that bend and bow under their weight as children start to walk. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. In the liver, cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) is converted to calcifediol. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D is the best indicator of vitamin D status. Osteomalacia is a disease in adults that results from vitamin D deficiency. The FDA advised manufacturers of liquid vitamin D supplements that droppers accompanying these products should be clearly and accurately marked for 400 international units (IU). An additional complication in assessing vitamin D status is in the actual measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Vitamin D refers to a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate, and zinc. Without sufficient vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. A diet deficient in vitamin D in conjunction with inadequate sun exposure causes osteomalacia (or rickets when it occurs in children), which is a softening of the bones. Generally considered adequate for bone and overall health. Evidence indicates the synthesis of vitamin D from sun exposure is regulated by a negative feedback loop that prevents toxicity, but because of uncertainty about the cancer risk from sunlight, no recommendations are issued by the Institute of Medicine (US) for the amount of sun exposure required to meet vitamin D requirements. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before taking a vitamin D supplement.
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